1. What Are Augmentation Queries? 🤔

Definition: Augmentation queries are search queries that have proven to work well in finding relevant documents. They can be:

• User-Generated Queries: Real queries submitted by users that perform well based on user interaction.
  Example: If many users searching for “best pizza in New York” click on a particular restaurant page, that query might be marked as a good augmentation query.
• Synthetic (Machine-Generated) Queries: Queries created by the system by mining data from documents or structured sources (like business listings).
  Example: From a business directory, data such as “Bella Italia, 123 Main St, New York” could generate a synthetic query like “Bella Italia New York” to find similar listings.

Purpose: When a user enters a search query, the system checks stored augmentation queries to find similar ones. These are then used to improve or "augment" the search results for better relevance.

2. The Operating Environment 🌐🖥️

Key Components:

• Publishers: Websites or content servers (e.g., news sites, blogs, online stores) that supply information.
• User Devices: Devices like computers, smartphones, tablets, or even smart TVs that people use to search.
• Search Engine: The system that processes queries and retrieves search results.
• Networks: Connections via LANs, WANs, or the Internet that link all these components.

How It Works: Imagine you're using your smartphone to search for “latest tech gadgets”. Your device sends the query over the Internet to a search engine that indexes information from various publishers, and then you get a list of relevant results.

3. How Standard Search Processing Works 🔄🔎

Step-by-Step Process:

• Query Submission: A user types a search query (e.g., “smart home devices”) and sends it to the search engine.
• Indexing: The search engine has already indexed content (like web pages) from many publishers.
• Result Retrieval: Based on the query, the search engine finds and ranks documents that match the query.
• Displaying Results: The results (titles, snippets, links) are then presented on the search results page.

Example: Searching for “smart home devices” might yield a list with a top result from a tech review site, complete with a title, a brief description, and a clickable link.

4. The Augmentation Query Subsystem 🚀🔧

Sometimes, a user’s original query might not fully capture what they’re looking for. This is where the augmentation query subsystem comes into play.

Evaluates the User Query: The submitted query is parsed and compared against stored augmentation queries.

Matches and Augments: If similar augmentation queries are found, they are used to:

• Add extra search results.
• Adjust the ranking of the current search results.
• Provide links to additional, targeted search result pages.

Example: If you search for “budget smartphones” and the system finds a high-performing augmentation query like “affordable smartphone reviews”, it might display extra results from that query to give you a more comprehensive list.

5. Collecting and Storing Augmentation Queries 📚🗃️

Where They’re Stored: All well-performing augmentation queries are saved in an augmentation query store.

Sources of Augmentation Queries:

• User-Generated: These come from queries that receive positive performance signals (like high click-through rates and long user engagement).
• Synthetic Queries: Created automatically by analyzing structured data (e.g., business listings, document titles).

Example: A frequently used query such as “top Italian restaurants in Chicago” may be stored after users show high engagement with its results. Similarly, from a structured listing, a business named “The Basket Weavers, Inc.” at “123 Main Street, Chicago” might lead to a synthetic query like “Basket Weavers Chicago” for better local search results.

6. Evaluating Query Performance 📊👍👎

To decide if a query is worth storing as an augmentation query, the system uses two main types of performance signals:

A. Explicit Signals 📝✅❌

What They Are: Direct feedback from users (e.g., ratings, surveys, “Good” or “Bad” votes).

How They Work: After viewing search results, users may be prompted to rate them.

Usage: Positive ratings increase a query’s likelihood of being stored as an augmentation query.

Example: A search result that a user rates as “Good” on a 1-5 scale provides explicit confirmation that the query is effective.

B. Implicit Signals 👀⏳🔙

What They Are: Inferred data from user behavior such as:

• Click-Through Rate (CTR): The percentage of users who click on a result after entering a query.
• Long Clicks: When users spend a considerable time on a page, indicating they found the content useful.
• Click-Through Reversions (Short Clicks): When users quickly return to the search results, suggesting the result was not relevant.

Usage: These signals are aggregated to compute an overall performance score for each query.

Example: If a query is entered 100 times and 80 users click on a result, it has an 80% CTR. A long click might be counted if a user stays on a page for more than 30 seconds, signaling quality. Conversely, a quick return (short click) might lower the performance score.

7. Augmentation Query Identification Process 🔍🗂️

The system uses a query evaluator to identify high-performing queries from the search engine’s logs:

• Analyze Query and Click Logs:
  Query Logs: Record how often each query is submitted.
  Click Logs: Track which search results users click on.
• Evaluate Quality Signals: Both explicit (user ratings) and implicit signals (CTR, long clicks, etc.) are reviewed.
• Apply a Performance Threshold: Only queries meeting or exceeding a set performance level (e.g., high CTR with minimal short clicks) are selected.
• Store and Cluster: These well-performing queries are stored and may be grouped by similarity (topics, syntax, etc.).
• Caching Results (Optional): The system might cache top search results for these queries to quickly serve them in future searches.

Example: If “eco-friendly cars” is submitted frequently and users interact positively (high CTR, long dwell times), it is stored. Later, when someone searches for “green vehicles,” the system can leverage the cached results of “eco-friendly cars” to enrich the search experience.

8. Augmentation Query Generation Process

In addition to identifying user-generated queries, the system also generates synthetic queries from structured data:

Source of Data: Structured documents such as business directories, company web pages, or telephone listings.

Using a Structure Rule Set: A set of instructions (rules) is used to:

• Locate and extract structured data (e.g., business names, addresses).
• Format this data into a query.

Generating Synthetic Queries: The rule set can create different variants of queries based on the structured data.

Example 1:

• For a business listing:
  Business Name: The Basket Weavers, Inc.
  Address: 123 Main Street, Chicago, Ill.
  Possible synthetic queries could be:
  • Without Operators: “Basket Weavers 123 Main Street Chicago”
  • With Query Operators: “Basket Weavers AND ADR=123 Main Street AND Chicago” (Query operators like AND or ADR help refine the search by ensuring the presence of specific details.)
• Examples:
  Business Name: Dental Health Center
  Address: Hyde Park, NY
  Category: dentistry
  Potential synthetic queries might be:
  • “Dental Health Center Hyde Park N.Y.”
  • “dentistry Hyde Park N.Y.”
  • “Dental Health Center NY”

Other Sources: Document titles and anchor text (the clickable text in a hyperlink) can also be used to form synthetic queries, since they often accurately describe a page’s content.

9. How Augmentation Queries Enhance Search Results 🌟🔎

Integration with User Queries: When a user submits a query, the system:

• Matches: Finds similar stored augmentation queries.
• Augments: Uses the results from these augmentation queries to either:
  • Add extra search results to the user’s original list.
  • Adjust the ranking of the current search results.
  • Provide a link to an additional page with augmented results.

Result: Users get a richer, more relevant set of search results even if their original query was not perfect.

Example: If you search for “best local cafes” and the system finds an augmentation query like “top local cafes reviews,” it might combine or highlight results from both queries to give you a more comprehensive answer.